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λͺ¨λ“ˆ

λͺ¨λ“ˆ

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λͺ¨λ“ˆ
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import
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ν‘œμ€€λͺ¨λ“ˆ

λͺ¨λ“ˆ

λ³€μˆ˜λ‚˜ ν•¨μˆ˜ λ˜λŠ” 클래슀둜 λͺ¨μ•„놓은 파이썬 파일

import

λͺ¨λ“ˆμ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λŠ” ν‚€μ›Œλ“œ
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λͺ¨λ“ˆ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κΈ°
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λͺ¨λ“ˆ λ‚΄λΆ€μ˜ 일뢀(ν•¨μˆ˜)만 ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κΈ°

λͺ¨λ“ˆ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κΈ°

import λͺ¨λ“ˆ import λͺ¨λ“ˆ as 별λͺ…

λͺ¨λ“ˆ λ‚΄λΆ€μ˜ 일뢀(ν•¨μˆ˜)만 ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κΈ°

from λͺ¨λ“ˆ import ν•¨μˆ˜ from λͺ¨λ“ˆ import ν•¨μˆ˜1, ν•¨μˆ˜2 from λͺ¨λ“ˆ import *

ν‘œμ€€λͺ¨λ“ˆ

파이썬의 곡식 배포에 ν¬ν•¨λœ λͺ¨λ“ˆκ³Ό νŒ¨ν‚€μ§€μ˜ λͺ¨μŒ

λŒ€ν‘œ ν‘œμ€€ λͺ¨λ“ˆ

os, sys, datetime, random, json, urllib, math λ“±
파이썬 ν‘œμ€€ λΌμ΄λΈŒλŸ¬λ¦¬μ—λŠ” λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ 톡신, 데이터 μ••μΆ•, λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€ 관리, 파일 처리, λ‚ μ§œ 및 μ‹œκ°„ 처리, μˆ˜ν•™ ν•¨μˆ˜ λ“± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯이 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λͺ¨λ“ˆλ“€μ€ 파이썬 κ°œλ°œμ„ 훨씬 더 효율적이고 κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λͺ¨λ“ˆ
μ„€λͺ…
math
μˆ˜ν•™ μ—°μ‚°κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“ˆ
random
λ‚œμˆ˜(랜덀 수)λ₯Ό μƒμ„±ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“ˆ
time
μ‹œκ°„ μ²˜λ¦¬μ— κ΄€λ ¨λœ ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“ˆ
datetime
λ‚ μ§œ/μ‹œκ°„ 데이터λ₯Ό μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“ˆ

직접 λ§Œλ“  λͺ¨λ“ˆ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ°

converter.py

MILES = 0.6213 POUND = 0.0022 # ν‚¬λ‘œλ―Έν„°λ₯Ό 마일둜 λ³€ν™˜ν•˜λŠ” ν•¨μˆ˜ def kilometer_to_miles( kilometer ): return kilometer * MILES # κ·Έλž¨μ„ νŒŒμš΄λ“œλ‘œ λ³€ν™˜ν•˜λŠ” ν•¨μˆ˜ def gram_to_pound( gram ): return gram * POUND
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main.py

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import converter 둜 포함할 λ•Œ
# converter λͺ¨λ“ˆ # : κ·œκ²©μ΄λ‚˜ λ‹¨μœ„λ₯Ό λ³€ν™˜ν•˜λŠ” ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“ˆ import converter # from converter import * # 150km --> miles 둜 λ³€ν™˜ miles = converter.kilometer_to_miles(150) print( '150km = {} miles'.format(miles) ) # 1000g --> pound 둜 λ³€ν™˜ pound = converter.gram_to_pound(1000) print('1000g = {} pound'.format(pound) )
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import converter as c
μœ„μ™€ 같이 ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λ©΄, μ•„λž˜ 처럼 λ‹¨μΆ•ν•΄μ„œ μ“Έ μˆ˜μžˆλ‹€.
converter.kilometer_to_miles(150) ➑ c.kilometer_to_miles(150)
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from converter import * 둜 포함할 λ•Œ
# converter λͺ¨λ“ˆ # : κ·œκ²©μ΄λ‚˜ λ‹¨μœ„λ₯Ό λ³€ν™˜ν•˜λŠ” ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“ˆ # import converter from converter import * # 150km --> miles 둜 λ³€ν™˜ miles = kilometer_to_miles(150) print( '150km = {} miles'.format(miles) ) # 1000g --> pound 둜 λ³€ν™˜ pound = gram_to_pound(1000) print('1000g = {} pound'.format(pound) )
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λͺ¨λ“ˆ import 방법

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import λͺ¨λ“ˆ
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import λͺ¨λ“ˆ as 별칭
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from λͺ¨λ“ˆ import ν•¨μˆ˜
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from λͺ¨λ“ˆ import *
# λͺ¨λ“ˆμ„ import ν•˜λŠ” 방법 # import λͺ¨λ“ˆ # import converter # import λͺ¨λ“ˆ as 별칭 import converter as cvt # νŒŒμΌμ΄λ¦„(λͺ¨λ“ˆ).ν•¨μˆ˜() # m1 = converter.kilometer_to_miles(100) # print(m1) # 별칭.ν•¨μˆ˜() m2 = cvt.kilometer_to_miles(100) print(m2) # 파일(λͺ¨λ“ˆ) λ‚΄λΆ€μ˜ ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό 포함 from converter import kilometer_to_miles from converter import gram_to_pound from converter import kilometer_to_miles, gram_to_pound # converter λͺ¨λ“ˆ μ•ˆμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό 포함 # * : λͺ¨λ“  ν•­λͺ© from converter import *
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ν‘œμ€€ λͺ¨λ“ˆ μ‹€μŠ΅

λͺ¨λ“ˆ
μ„€λͺ…
math
μˆ˜ν•™ μ—°μ‚°κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“ˆ
random
λ‚œμˆ˜(랜덀 수)λ₯Ό μƒμ„±ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“ˆ
time
μ‹œκ°„ μ²˜λ¦¬μ— κ΄€λ ¨λœ ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“ˆ
datetime
λ‚ μ§œ/μ‹œκ°„ 데이터λ₯Ό μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“ˆ

math

import math # μ›μ£Όμœ¨ print('math.pi {}'.format( math.pi )) # ceil() 올림 print('math.ceil(1.1) : {}'.format( math.ceil(1.1) )) # floor() λ‚΄λ¦Ό print('math.floor(1.9) : {}'.format( math.floor(1.9) )) # round() 반올림 - Math λͺ¨λ“ˆ μ™Έ κΈ°λ³Έ λ‚΄μž₯ν•¨μˆ˜ print('round(2.5, 1) : {}'.format( round(2.5, 1) )) print('round(2.4, 1) : {}'.format( round(2.4, 1) )) # νŒŒμ΄μ¬μ—μ˜ round() ν•¨μˆ˜ νŠΉμ§• # x.5 # μ›λž˜ κ°’κ³Ό μ˜¬λ¦Όν•œ κ°’μ˜ 차이 = μ›λž˜ κ°’κ³Ό λ‚΄λ¦Όν•œ κ°’μ˜ 차이가 같은 경우 # μ§μˆ˜κ°€ λ˜λŠ” 크기둜 올림 λ˜λŠ” λ‚΄λ¦Όν•œλ‹€. print( round(0.5) ) # 1 print( round(1.5) ) # 2 print( round(2.5) ) # 3 print( round(3.5) ) # 4 print( round(4.5) ) # 5 print( round(5.5) ) # 6 print('----------------------') print( round(0.6) ) # 1 print( round(1.6) ) # 2 print( round(2.6) ) # 3 print( round(3.6) ) # 4 print( round(4.6) ) # 5 print( round(5.6) ) # 6 # trunc() μ ˆμ‚¬ (νŠΉμ • 자리수 μ΄ν•˜λ₯Ό μ—†μ•°) print('trunc(1.9) : {}'.format( math.trunc(1.9) )) # sqrt() 제곱근 print('sqrt(9) : {}'.format( math.sqrt(9) )) # pow() 제곰 print('pow(9) : {}'.format( math.pow(3, 2) ))
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random

# random import random # random() : 0.0xxx ~ 0.9xxx μž„μ˜μ˜ μ‹€μˆ˜ print('random.random : {}'.format( random.random() )) # randint(a, b) : a이상 bμ΄ν•˜μ˜ μž„μ˜μ˜ μ •μˆ˜ print('random.randint : {}'.format( random.randint(1, 10) )) # randrange(a, b, c) : a이상 b미만 c만큼 μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” μž„μ˜μ˜ μ •μˆ˜ print('random.randrange : {}'.format( random.randrange(1, 10, 2) )) # 1 3 5 7 9 # choice(A) : μ‹œν€€μŠ€ μžλ£Œν˜•μ— μ†ν•œ μš”μ†Œ 쀑 μž„μ˜μ˜ μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό λ°˜ν™˜ν•˜λŠ” ν•¨μˆ˜ seasons = ['λ΄„', '여름', '가을', '겨울'] print('λ‚΄κ°€ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” κ³„μ ˆμ€ {} μž…λ‹ˆλ””.'.format( random.choice(seasons) )) # sample(A, N) : μ‹œν€€μŠ€ μžλ£Œν˜•μ— μ†ν•œ μš”μ†Œ 쀑 μ§€μ •ν•œ 개수의 μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό μž„μ˜λ‘œ λ°˜ν™˜ν•˜λŠ” ν•¨μˆ˜ # A μ€‘μ˜ N개의 μž„μ˜μ˜ μš”μ†Œ lotto = range(1, 46) # 1~45 μ •μˆ˜ 생성 print('이번 μ£Ό 당첨 λ²ˆν˜ΈλŠ” {}'.format( random.sample( lotto, 6 ) )) # shuffle(A) : μ‹œν€€μŠ€ μžλ£Œν˜•μ— μ†ν•œ μš”μ†Œλ“€μ˜ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό μž„μ˜λ‘œ μ„žλŠ” ν•¨μˆ˜ # A 의 μš”μ†Œλ“€μ˜ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό μ„žλŠ”λ‹€. li = [1,2,3,4,5,6] random.shuffle(li) print('random.shuffle(li) : {} '.format( li ))
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time

import time # time() : 1970λ…„ 1μ›” 1일 0μ‹œ 0λΆ„ 0초 λΆ€ν„° κ²½κ³Όν•œ μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ°˜ν™˜ print('time() : {} '.format(time.time() ) ) # ctime(μ‹œκ°„) : λ‚ μ§œ/μ‹œκ°„ ν˜•μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ³€ν™˜ν•˜λŠ” ν•¨μˆ˜ t = time.time() print('ctime() : {}'.format( time.ctime(t) )) ''' λ‚ μ§œ ν˜•μ‹ μ§€μ‹œμž %y : 2자리 년도 (23) %Y : 4자리 년도 (2023) %m : 2자리 μ›”(01~12) %b : 3자리 영문 μ›”(Jan~Dec) %B : 전체 영문 μ›”(January~December) %d : 2자리 일(01~31) %a : 3자리 μš”μΌ(Sun~Sat) %A : 전체 영문 μš”μΌ(Sunday~Saturday) %I : 12μ‹œ μ‹œκ°„(01~12) %H : 24μ‹œ μ‹œκ°„(00~23) %M : λΆ„(00~59) %S : 초(00~59) ''' s = time.strftime('%Y/%m/%d (%a) %H:%M:%S') print('strtime() : {} '.format(s)) # μ§€μ •ν•œ μ‹œκ°„(초)만큼 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μΌμ‹œμ€‘μ‹œ time.sleep(5) # 5μ΄ˆκ°„ 쀑지
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datetime

import datetime # [λͺ¨λ“ˆ].[객체].ν•¨μˆ˜() nowtime = datetime.datetime.now() print('ν˜„μž¬ λ‚ μ§œμ™€ μ‹œκ°„ : {}'.format(nowtime)) today = datetime.date(2023, 1, 19) print('ν˜„μž¬ λ‚ μ§œμ™€ μ‹œκ°„ : {}'.format(today)) lastDay = datetime.date(2023, 6, 29) print('쒅강일 : {}'.format(lastDay)) t1 = datetime.time(11,15,0) print('ν˜„μž¬μ‹œκ°„ : {}'.format(t1)) t2 = datetime.time(15,30,0) print('μˆ˜μ—…μ’…λ£Œ : {}'.format(t2)) today = datetime.datetime.now() print( datetime.datetime.today().strftime('%Y-%m-%d') ) print('{} λ…„'.format( today.year) ) print('{} μ›”'.format( today.month ) ) print( '%02d' % today.month ) # leading zero print('{} 일'.format( today.day) ) print('{} μ‹œ'.format( today.hour) ) print('{} λΆ„'.format( today.minute) ) print('{} 초'.format( today.second) )
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